Open AccessIn vitro Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference due to Low‐Band RFID reader/writers on Active Implantable Medical Devices
Author(s) -
Futatsumori Shunichi,
Kawamura Yoshifumi,
Hikage Takashi,
Nojima Toshio,
Koike Ben,
Fujimoto Hiroshi,
Toyoshima Takeshi
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of arrhythmia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.463
H-Index - 21
eISSN - 1883-2148
pISSN - 1880-4276
DOI - 10.1016/s1880-4276(09)80013-6
Subject(s) - emi , electromagnetic interference , medicine , interference (communication) , asynchronous communication , radio frequency identification , electrical engineering , electronic engineering , computer science , telecommunications , engineering , computer security , channel (broadcasting)
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) due to 125–135 kHz and HF (13.56MHz) radio‐frequency identification (RFID) reader/writers are discussed based on in vitro experiments. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the detailed EMI occurrence conditions of both implantable cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) when used in proximity to commercial lowband RFID reader/writers. Methods and results: A total of 20 types of pacemakers and 7 types of ICDs from 9 manufacturers are used in the experiments. The tested RFID reader/writers are 4 types of 125–135 kHz antennas and 26 types of HF antennas. The test system is newly constructed based on the one previously proposed for the estimation of EMI due to mobile phones. The measured reactions are missing of pacing pulses and generation of asynchronous pulses for pacemaker functions and inappropriate tachyarrhythmia detection and delivery of therapy for ICDs. In addition, measured EMI characteristics strongly depend on intermittent period of RFID signals. However, all AIMDs tested return to normal operation once removed from RFID exposure. Conclusion: The detailed EMI characteristics of AIMDs and low‐band RFID reader/ writers are obtained to prevent adverse interactions.