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Scientific Program Committee
Author(s) -
Lucio Ubertini,
Piergiorgio Manciola,
Stefano Casadei,
Salvatore Grimaldi,
Paola Rizzoli
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/s1552-5260(10)02161-8
Subject(s) - citation , library science , computer science , information retrieval , association (psychology) , world wide web , epistemology , philosophy
Although many small dams are constructed in Ethiopia and Yemen they are not found to be very effective as anticipated in alleviating the poverty of people by effectively utilizing the water resources. The major aims of the dams in Yemen is to recharge ground water whereas in Ethiopia is to store the flood water in the rainy season for dry season irrigation. There are several problems for effective operation of the dams, some of them are: Socio-economic, such as conflict of interest between up stream and downstream users Land use and land tenure systems Hydrology (In adequate hydrological study of catchment and sediment yield) Design problems such as water distribution system Agronomic, such as absence of good knowledge in crop water requirements The major aim of this study is to address the above problems and come up with suitable solutions so that the dams will be more beneficial to the users. Two small dams from each of the countries are selected to be studied, Gomit dam at Iste and Tebi dam at Meqdella in Amhara Region North West of Ethiopia and Methbel and Mikhtan dams in Yemen. The dams are located in the Abbay (Blue Nile) basin in Ethiopia and Sanaa Basin in Yemen. Whereas Sanaa Basin suffers from shortage of water the Abbay basin receives large amount of rain during the rainy season of June to September. Though the two areas receive different amount of rainfall their source and major mechanism of rainfall is the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The Mean Annual Rainfall (MAR) in the Abbay basin is about 1400 mm whereas in Sanaa basin the MAR is about 250 mm. That will be the major reasons to define the purpose of the dams ground water recharge in Sanaa basin and surface water harvesting in Abbay. Both areas belong to high altitude above 2000 meters above sea level. Agriculture is the major livelihood of the people. Soil and Water Conservation such as terracing and contour bunds are much developed in Sanaa Basin. Cash crops such as Qat, Grape, and vegetables dominate in Sanaa basin but cereals dominate in Abbay. Research based studies at small scale is not very common in both countries where data was most required to design projects. The major aim of this research will be on hydrological problems of small dam designs and operation and socio-economic problems why farmers couldnt utilize the existing dams effectively and what remedial measures should be taken in the future planning and design of small dams.