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Activity of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric flavonoids on NO production, TNF‐α secretion, and NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Author(s) -
Park Young Chul,
Rimbach Gerald,
Saliou Claude,
Valacchi Giuseppe,
Packer Lester
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01735-4
Subject(s) - tumor necrosis factor alpha , secretion , trimer , chemistry , proanthocyanidin , monomer , immune system , gene expression , nf κb , biochemistry , gene , polyphenol , antioxidant , biology , dimer , immunology , signal transduction , organic chemistry , polymer
Flavonoids are potent antioxidants and have been associated with lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effect of flavonoids (monomers, dimers and a trimer) as well as French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol, on NO production, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) secretion and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activity was compared. Monomers and dimers repressed NO production, TNF‐α secretion and NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression induced by interferon γ, whereas the trimeric procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol enhanced these parameters. In addition, in unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, both procyanidin C2 and Pycnogenol increased TNF‐α secretion in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that procyanidins act as modulators of the immune response in macrophages.