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Molecular evolution of the modulator of chloroplast ATP synthase: origin of the conformational change dependent regulation
Author(s) -
Hisabori Toru,
Ueoka-Nakanishi Hanayo,
Konno Hiroki,
Koyama Fumie
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00395-8
Subject(s) - atp synthase , chloroplast , atp hydrolysis , chemiosmosis , atp synthase gamma subunit , protein subunit , electron transport chain , conformational change , electrochemical gradient , biochemistry , biophysics , chemistry , uncoupling agents , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biology , mitochondrion , atpase , gene , membrane
Chloroplast ATP synthase synthesizes ATP by utilizing a proton gradient as an energy supply, which is generated by photosynthetic electron transport. The activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase is regulated in several specific ways to avoid futile hydrolysis of ATP under various physiological conditions. Several regulatory signals such as Δ μ H + , tight binding of ADP and its release, thiol modulation, and inhibition by the intrinsic inhibitory subunit ϵ are sensed by this complex. In this review, we describe the function of two regulatory subunits, γ and ϵ, of ATP synthase based on their possible conformational changes and discuss the evolutionary origin of these regulation systems.