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Transport of protein toxins into cells: pathways used by ricin, cholera toxin and Shiga toxin
Author(s) -
Sandvig Kirsten,
van Deurs Bo
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03182-4
Subject(s) - ricin , cholera toxin , endoplasmic reticulum , golgi apparatus , shiga toxin , cytosol , toxin , endocytic cycle , microbiology and biotechnology , transport protein , endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation , biology , chemistry , biochemistry , cell , unfolded protein response , endocytosis , enzyme , escherichia coli , gene
Ricin, cholera, and Shiga toxin belong to a family of protein toxins that enter the cytosol to exert their action. Since all three toxins are routed from the cell surface through the Golgi apparatus and to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before translocation to the cytosol, the toxins are used to study different endocytic pathways as well as the retrograde transport to the Golgi and the ER. The toxins can also be used as vectors to carry other proteins into the cells. Studies with protein toxins reveal that there are more pathways along the plasma membrane to ER route than originally believed.