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Black Americans have an increased rate of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor‐associated angioedema
Author(s) -
Brown Nancy J.,
Ray Wayne A.,
Snowden Mary,
Griffin Marie R.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1016/s0009-9236(96)90161-7
Subject(s) - angioedema , lisinopril , medicine , ace inhibitor , enalapril , relative risk , angiotensin converting enzyme , captopril , confidence interval , odds ratio , confounding , population , rate ratio , endocrinology , blood pressure , environmental health
Objective To study the association of race and other patient characteristics associated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor‐associated angioedema. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of participants in the Tennessee Medicaid Program (≥15 years of age) to whom ACE inhibitors had been prescribed from 1986 through 1992. Results We identified 82 patients with confirmed angioedema during 51,752 person‐years of ACE inhibitor use, giving an overall rate of angioedema of 1.6 per 1000 person‐years of ACE inhibitor use. After potential confounding factors were controlled for, the adjusted relative risk (RR) of angioedema among black American users of ACE inhibitors was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9 to 6.8) compared with white subjects. In addition to race, other factors associated with a significantly increased relative risk in the entire population were the first 30 days of ACE inhibitor use (RR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.5 to 8.5) compared to >1 year of use, use of either lisinopril (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.9) or enalapril (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.5) compared to captopril, and previous hospitalization for any diagnosis within 30 days (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.6). Neither ACE inhibitor dose nor concurrent diuretic use was associated with the risk of angioedema. Conclusions These data suggest that black Americans have a substantially increased risk of ACE inhibitor‐associated angioedema compared with white subjects and that this increased risk cannot be attributed to an effect of dose, specific ACE inhibitor, or concurrent medications. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 60 , 8–13; doi: