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Bidirectional interaction of valproate and lamotrigine in healthy subjects
Author(s) -
Anderson Gail D.,
Yau Martin K.,
Gidal Barry E.,
Harris Stuart J.,
Levy René H.,
Lai Allen A.,
Wolf Karen B.,
Wargin William A.,
Dren Anthony T.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1016/s0009-9236(96)90130-7
Subject(s) - lamotrigine , anticonvulsant , pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , chemistry , crossover study , metabolite , valproic acid , drug interaction , oral administration , medicine , epilepsy , placebo , biochemistry , alternative medicine , pathology , psychiatry
Objective To evaluate the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine and valproate at three dosing levels of lamotrigine in normal volunteers receiving steady‐state therapeutic doses of valproate. Methods This was an open‐label, randomized, three‐way crossover study of 18 normal male volunteers. Subjects received oral valproate (500 mg Depakote twice a day) throughout the study. Each subject subsequently received three oral dosage regimens of lamotrigine (50, 100, or 150 mg/day) for 1 week each, with a 2‐week washout period between lamotrigine treatment periods. Valproate and lamotrigine trough plasma samples were determined by a capillary gas chromatography method and immunofluorometric assay, respectively. Urine samples were assayed for 11 valproate metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results When compared to other studies in which lamotrigine was administered with no concurrent antiepileptic drug, concomitant valproate markedly increased the half‐life of lamotrigine and decreased lamotrigine clearance, without substantial alteration in the linear kinetics of the drug. The addition of lamotrigine was associated with a small but significant 25% decrease in steady‐state valproate plasma concentration. Oral clearance of valproate was increased (from 7.2 ± 1.1 ml/hr/kg before lamotrigine treatment to 9.0 ± 2.0 ml/hr/kg on day 28; p < 0.05). The formation clearance of the hepatotoxic valproate metabolites, 2‐ n ‐propyl‐4‐pentenoic acid (4‐ene‐valproate) and 2‐propyl‐2,4‐pentadienoic acid [2(E),4‐diene‐valproate], was unaffected by lamotrigine administration. Conclusions As a consequence of the interaction between lamotrigine and sodium valproate, a dosage reduction of lamotrigine should be considered in patients taking a combination of valproate and lamotrigine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 60 , 145–156; doi: