Open AccessOptimization of oil yield from Hevea brasiliensis seeds through ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction via response surface methodology
Author(s) -
Val Irvin F. Mabayo,
Johann Rey C. Aranas,
Vernie Jay B. Cagas,
Derfrick Paul A. Cagas,
Alexander L. Ido,
Renato O. Arazo
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
sustainable environment research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.061
H-Index - 29
ISSN - 2468-2039
DOI - 10.1016/j.serj.2017.08.001
Subject(s) - hevea brasiliensis , response surface methodology , central composite design , natural rubber , extraction (chemistry) , yield (engineering) , biomass (ecology) , pulp and paper industry , materials science , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , raw material , solvent , design–expert , chromatography , chemical engineering , chemistry , composite material , organic chemistry , agronomy , biology , engineering
The demand for oil has been increasing vastly over time, and the source of this has slowly been diminishing. The use of non-food feedstock is seen as a promising alternative source for the production of bio-based fuel. In this study, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds were utilized as biomass in bio-oil production considering that these are non-edible and considered wastes in rubber tree plantations. In the oil extraction process, the rubber seed kernels were oven dried at 100 °C for 24 h, powdered and then dried further at 105 °C for 4 h. After characterization, optimization study was done using Design Expert 7.0 software through central composite design of the response surface methodology. Ultrasonication technology was employed in the oil extraction process which significantly reduced the reaction time needed for extraction to 15 min compared the conventional extraction method of at least 8 h. An optimum rubber seed oil (RSO) yield of 30.3 ± 0.3% was obtained using 15 g biomass, 5:1 n-hexane to biomass (mL gâ1) ratio, 50 μm resonance amplitude and 60 ± 5 °C temperature at 15 min reaction time. The oil yield at optimum condition was found to have 0.89 g mLâ1 density at room temperature, 26.7 cSt kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and high heating value of 39.2 MJ kgâ1. The Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation spectroscopy analysis of the RSO, at optimum condition, showed the presence of carboxylic acid and ester carbonyl functional groups which are good indicators as a potential source of biodiesel. Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Oil extraction, Optimization, Response surface methodology, Rubber seed oil, Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extractio