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Nivel de dependencia, autocuidado y calidad de vida del adulto mayor
Author(s) -
M.T. Loredo-Figueroa,
Ruth Magdalena Gallegos-Torres,
Ángel Salvador Xeque-Morales,
Gabriela Palomé-Vega,
Alberto Juárez-Lira
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
enfermería universitaria
Language(s) - Spanish
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2395-8421
pISSN - 1665-7063
DOI - 10.1016/j.reu.2016.05.002
Subject(s) - quality of life (healthcare) , psychology , gerontology , scale (ratio) , activities of daily living , dependency (uml) , medicine , nursing , psychiatry , geography , cartography , systems engineering , engineering
ResumenIntroducciónEl envejecimiento es un proceso natural. La calidad e independencia con que se vive esta etapa depende no solo de la estructura genética de los seres humanos, sino también de lo que se realiza durante el curso de vida.ObjetivoEstablecer la relación entre calidad de vida del adulto mayor y su nivel de dependencia y autocuidado.MétodosEstudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Fueron entrevistados 116 adultos mayores que acudieron a consulta en una unidad de salud. Las variables estudiadas fueron: dependencia, autocuidado y calidad de vida. Se utilizaron la Escala de Barthel, la Escala de capacidades de autocuidado y el Cuestionario SF-36 de calidad de vida. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y correlación de Pearson y Spearman. El presente proyecto fue revisado y aprobado por un Comité de Investigación.ResultadosEl 54.3% de los participantes fueron mujeres. El 80.2% de los adultos mayores encuestados presentaron independencia para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria y el 19.8% presentaron dependencia leve. En la calificación global de las actividades de autocuidado el 22.4% tuvieron buena capacidad y el 76.6%, muy buena capacidad. En la percepción de calidad de vida en la dimensión física, el 24% de los entrevistados consideran que su salud es buena y el 56%, regular. En las pruebas de correlación se encontró mínima relación entre las variables de autocuidado y dependencia; escasa entre autocuidado y grado de escolaridad; correlación positiva entre la dependencia y la calidad de vida, así como la calidad de vida y la edad, aunque el valor de todas las correlaciones fue bajo.AbstractIntroductionGetting old is a natural process. The quality of life and independency lived during this stage depend not only on the genetic structure, but also on what is done throughout the entire life.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among the levels of quality of life, dependency, and self-care in the elder adult.MethodsThis is a transversal, descriptive, and correlational study. One hundred and sixteen elder adults who attended consultation visits at a health unit were interviewed. The variables studied were: dependency, self-care, and quality of life. The Barthel scale, the Self-Care Capacities Scale, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. The Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated. This project was reviewed and approved by a Research Committee.ResultsFifty four point three percent of the participants were female. The 80.2% of the elder adults interviewed showed independence to perform their daily life activities, while the rest (19.8%) showed a mild level of dependency. In relation to the self-care activities, 22.4% showed a good capacity, while 76.6% showed a very good capacity. In relation to their perception of quality of life, in the physical dimension, 24% of the participants considered their health as good, while 56% consider it as more or less good. In the correlation tests, a minimal relationship was found between the variables of self-care and dependency, also, a low relationship was found between the self-care and the school levels. A positive correlation was found between dependency and quality of life, and also between quality of life and age, though their values were low

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