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Entrapment Neuropathies of the Lower Extremity
Author(s) -
Craig Anita
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
pmandr
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.617
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1934-1563
pISSN - 1934-1482
DOI - 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.03.029
Subject(s) - medicine , entrapment , lumbosacral plexus , electromyography , entrapment neuropathy , lesion , femoral nerve , surgery , neurolysis , lumbosacral joint , tibial nerve , brachial plexopathy , magnetic resonance neurography , nerve compression syndrome , anatomy , brachial plexus , physical medicine and rehabilitation , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , stimulation , carpal tunnel syndrome
Neuropathies that affect the lower limbs are often encountered after trauma or iatrogenic injury or by entrapment at areas of anatomic restriction. Symptoms may initially be masked by concomitant trauma or recovery from surgical procedures. The nerves that serve the lower extremities arise from the lumbosacral plexus, formed by the L2‐S2 nerve roots. The major nerves that supply the lower extremities are the femoral, obturator, lateral femoral cutaneous, and the peroneal (fibular) and tibial, which arise from the sciatic nerve, and the superior and inferior gluteal nerves. An understanding of the motor and sensory functions of these nerves is critical in recognizing and localizing nerve injury. Electrodiagnostic studies are an important diagnostic tool. A well‐designed electromyography study can help confirm and localize a nerve lesion, assess severity, and evaluate for other peripheral nerve lesions, such as plexopathy or radiculopathy.