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Bone morphogenetic protein 9 is a potent anabolic factor for juvenile bovine cartilage, but not adult cartilage
Author(s) -
Hills Robert L.,
Belanger Leona M.,
Morris Elisabeth A.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.12.009
Subject(s) - cartilage , proteoglycan , bone morphogenetic protein , anabolism , chemistry , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , medicine , proteolysis , glycosaminoglycan , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , in vitro , biology , biochemistry , anatomy , enzyme , gene
Abstract Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) group of the TGF‐β superfamily have been shown to enhance matrix synthesis and maintain cartilage phenotype in long‐term culture. These proteins have also been shown to augment cartilage repair in vivo, and may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of damaged articular cartilage. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of BMP‐9 on the metabolism of juvenile and adult bovine cartilage in vitro, and to compare the effects to those produced by two previously characterized BMPs: BMP‐2 and 13 (CDMP‐2). BMP‐9 lead to a 7–8‐fold stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis at the highest concentration tested, and a 6.4‐fold stimulation of collagen synthesis at a concentration of 50 ng/mL in juvenile cartilage. BMP‐2 also lead to a 7–8‐fold increase in proteoglycan synthesis at the highest concentration tested, and was able to induce collagen synthesis 6.4‐fold, but at a concentration of 1000 ng/mL. Proteoglycans isolated from BMP‐9 treated cartilage exhibited an increased hydrodynamic size possibly due to increased glycosaminoglycan substitution or decreased C‐terminal proteolysis. Consistent with the idea of limited C‐terminal proteolysis, BMP‐9 treatment lead to a significant reduction in the turnover rate of proteoglycans in juvenile explants. Interestingly, all three BMPs were unable to induce a measurable anabolic response in adult cartilage explants. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.