Open AccessNo longer an untreatable disease: How targeted and immunotherapies have changed the management of melanoma patients
Author(s) -
Girotti Maria Romina,
Saturno Grazia,
Lorigan Paul,
Marais Richard
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
molecular oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.332
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1878-0261
pISSN - 1574-7891
DOI - 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.027
Subject(s) - melanoma , medicine , disease , metastatic melanoma , immune system , targeted therapy , immunotherapy , cancer , oncology , immunology , cancer research
The discovery that BRAF is a driver oncogene in cancer, and complementary improvements in our understanding of the immune system have resulted in new targeted and immune‐therapies for metastatic melanoma. Targeted therapies achieve impressive clinical results in carefully selected patients but the development of resistance seems inevitable in most cases. Conversely, immune‐checkpoints inhibitors can achieve long‐term remission and cures, but in a smaller proportion of patients, and biomarkers to predict which patients will respond are not available. Nevertheless, melanoma has led the evolution of cancer treatment from relatively nonspecific cytotoxic agents to highly selective therapies and here we review the lessons from this paradigm shift in treatment and the opportunities for further improvements in outcomes for melanoma patients.