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Exploring the superadditive effects of scent and pictures on verbal recall: An extension of dual coding theory
Author(s) -
Lwin May O.,
Morrin Maureen,
Krishna Aradhna
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of consumer psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.433
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1532-7663
pISSN - 1057-7408
DOI - 10.1016/j.jcps.2010.04.001
Subject(s) - recall , psychology , cognitive psychology , superadditivity , encoding (memory) , coding (social sciences) , dual (grammatical number) , recall test , free recall , linguistics , statistics , philosophy , mathematics , mathematical economics
This research extends the dual coding theory of memory retrieval (Paivio 1969, 2007) beyond its traditional focus on verbal and pictorial information to olfactory information. We manipulate the presence or absence of olfactory and pictorial stimuli at the time of encoding (study 1) or retrieval (study 2) and measure the impact on verbal recall. After a time delay, scent enhances recall of verbal information, and scent‐based retrieval cues potentiate the facilitative effect of pictures on recall. These results cannot be attributed merely to increased elaboration at the time of exposure.