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Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
Author(s) -
Stern Yaakov,
ArenazaUrquijo Eider M.,
BartrésFaz David,
Belleville Sylvie,
Cantilon Marc,
Chetelat Gael,
Ewers Michael,
Franzmeier Nicolai,
Kempermann Gerd,
Kremen William S.,
Okonkwo Ozioma,
Scarmeas Nikolaos,
Soldan Anja,
UdehMomoh Chinedu,
Valenzuela Michael,
Vemuri Prashanthi,
Vuoksimaa Eero
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219
Subject(s) - workgroup , cognitive reserve , cognition , resilience (materials science) , computer science , risk analysis (engineering) , psychology , business , cognitive impairment , neuroscience , computer network , physics , thermodynamics
Abstract Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age‐ and disease‐related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion regarding the measurement of these constructs and the appropriate ways to apply them to research. Therefore the reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area, established under the auspices of the Alzheimer's Association, established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. The workgroup also evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts. The workgroup hopes that this whitepaper will form a reference point for researchers in this area and facilitate research by supplying a common language.