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Associations between recent and established ophthalmic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Author(s) -
Lee Cecilia S.,
Larson Eric B.,
Gibbons Laura E.,
Lee Aaron Y.,
McCurry Susan M.,
Bowen James D.,
McCormick Wayne C.,
Crane Paul K.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856
Subject(s) - medicine , glaucoma , macular degeneration , medical diagnosis , disease , hazard ratio , diabetic retinopathy , ophthalmology , pediatrics , optometry , diabetes mellitus , pathology , endocrinology , confidence interval
Abstract Introduction Identifying ophthalmic diseases associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may enable better screening and understanding of those at risk of AD. Methods Diagnoses of glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes for 3877 participants from the Adult Changes in Thought study. The adjusted hazard ratio for developing probable or possible AD for recent (within 5 years) and established (>5 years) diagnoses were assessed. Results Over 31,142 person‐years of follow‐up, 792 AD cases occurred. The recent and established hazard ratio were 1.46 ( P = .01) and 0.87 ( P = .19) for glaucoma, 1.20 ( P = .12) and 1.50 ( P < .001) for AMD, and 1.50 ( P = .045) and 1.50 ( P = .03) for DR. Discussion Increased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk.