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Associations of neighborhood environment with brain imaging outcomes in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle cohort
Author(s) -
Cerin Ester,
RaineySmith Stephanie R.,
Ames David,
Lautenschlager Nicola T.,
Macaulay S. Lance,
Fowler Christopher,
Robertson Joanne S.,
Rowe Christopher C.,
Maruff Paul,
Martins Ralph N.,
Masters Colin L.,
Ellis Kathryn A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2364
Subject(s) - walkability , neuroimaging , context (archaeology) , dementia , psychology , medicine , physical activity , cohort , gerontology , geography , physical medicine and rehabilitation , neuroscience , disease , archaeology
“Walkable” neighborhoods offer older adults opportunities for activities that may benefit cognition‐related biological mechanisms. These have not previously been examined in this context. Methods We objectively assessed neighborhood walkability for participants (n = 146) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study with apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) genotype and two 18‐month‐apart brain volumetric and/or amyloid β burden assessments. Linear mixed models estimated associations of neighborhood walkability with levels and changes in brain imaging outcomes, the moderating effect of APOE ε4 status, and the extent to which associations were explained by physical activity. Results Cross‐sectionally, neighborhood walkability was predictive of better neuroimaging outcomes except for left hippocampal volume. These associations were to a small extent explained by physical activity. APOE ε4 carriers showed slower worsening of outcomes if living in walkable neighborhoods. Discussion These findings indicate associations between neighborhood walkability and brain imaging measures (especially in APOE ε4 carriers) minimally attributable to physical activity.