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P3–299: Infrequent skin reactions at the application site of the rivastigmine patch (4.6, 9.5 or 13.3 mg/24 h): Analysis of two clinical studies revealed most were tolerable and manageable across all doses
Author(s) -
Alva Gustavo,
Cummings Jeffrey,
Galvin James,
Meng Xiangyi,
Somogyi Monique
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1373
Subject(s) - tolerability , rivastigmine , erythema , discontinuation , transdermal patch , medicine , adverse effect , incidence (geometry) , transdermal , surgery , pharmacology , disease , dementia , physics , optics , donepezil
Background: Increased cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with reduced whole-brain atrophy and increased white matter volume in persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Maximal oxygen uptake, the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness, is costly, time consuming and requires specially trained personnel. In studies on the effect of aerobic exercise in patients with Alzheimer’s disease there is a need for simpler tests to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between measured maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated VO2max using the 6-min Astrand Cycle-Ergometer-Test (Astrand test), and time to complete 400 m walk (400MW). Methods: The ADEX study is a multi-centre, single-blinded, RCT-study including 192 home-dwelling patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. In this preliminary baseline sample 33 participants, age 51-83 years, completed VO2max respectively the Astrand test and 400MW on two separate days. Results: Baseline results are presented as mean6SD(range). VO2max ranged from 15.143,7 ml/min/kg, mean 25,166,6 ml/min/kg. A respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.10 was achieved in 81% of the participants and an RER of 1.0-1.1 was achieved in 19% of the participants. 27 participants obtained the required target heart rate of 110-160 BPM in the Astrand test and were included in the analysis. The estimated VO2max ranged from 13,0-47,7 ml/ min/kg, with a mean of 25,066,7. Time to complete 400MW ranged from 207-332 sec., with a mean of 267632. The analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between results in the Vo2max and the Astrand test (r1⁄40,619; p1⁄40,001) and 400MW (r1⁄40,551; p1⁄40,001). Thus, approximately 37% and 30% of the variance in VO2max could be accounted for by results in Astrand test and 400MW, respectively. Conclusions: Despite that some participants could not perform the Astrand test and the fact that only 37% of the variance in VO2max could be accounted for by results in Astrand test, this test may be the best surrogate measure for maximal oxygen uptake in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies are needed to confirm whether the Astrand test should be recommended for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.