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Clinical and neurobiological correlates of soluble amyloid precursor proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid
Author(s) -
Alexopoulos Panagiotis,
Tsolakidou Amalia,
Roselli Francesco,
Arnold Anila,
Grimmer Timo,
Westerteicher Christine,
Leante Maria Rosaria,
Förstl Hans,
Livrea Paolo,
Kurz Alexander,
Perneczky Robert
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.04.009
Subject(s) - amyloid precursor protein , cerebrospinal fluid , apolipoprotein e , proteolysis , endocrinology , medicine , apolipoprotein b , amyloid precursor protein secretase , chemistry , amyloid (mycology) , alzheimer's disease , psychology , disease , biochemistry , enzyme , pathology , cholesterol
Background According to a widely accepted hypothesis, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is processed by two competing pathways: the amyloidogenic β‐secretase–mediated pathway or the nonamyloidogenic α‐secretase–mediated pathway. APP is cleaved preferentially through the nonamyloidogenic pathway in normal brain, whereas the balance shifts to the amyloidogenic pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The levels of the α‐secretase–cleaved soluble APP (sAPPα) and β‐secretase–cleaved soluble APP (sAPPβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are likely to reflect these competing mechanisms. Methods We investigated the levels and the relationship between sAPPα and sAPPβ in the CSF of 64 patients with mild AD, 76 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 12 cognitively healthy control subjects, as well as the effect of apolipoprotein E genotype and sex on soluble APP levels. Results There was a significant positive correlation between sAPPα and sAPPβ levels in all three groups. sAPPα and sAPPβ concentrations were higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment compared with patients with AD. In the AD group, females exhibited higher sAPPα and sAPPβ levels than males. No influence of the apolipoprotein E genotype on soluble APP concentrations was detected. Discussion The positive correlation between sAPPα and sAPPβ challenges the hypothesis that AD is caused by an imbalance of the α‐ and β‐secretase APP proteolysis through competing mechanisms. Moreover, the differences in CSF levels of sAPPα and sAPPβ between male and female patients with AD may reflect a “sexual dimorphism” in the activity of the two APP processing pathways in AD.