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P3‐178: Apathy and facial expressions in demented nursing home residents
Author(s) -
Seidl Ulrich,
Lueken Ulrike,
Toro Pablo,
Schröder Johannes
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
alzheimer's and dementia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.713
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1552-5279
pISSN - 1552-5260
DOI - 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1744
Subject(s) - apathy , dementia , facial expression , cognition , psychology , severe dementia , clinical psychology , anxiety , medicine , psychiatry , disease , communication , pathology
elements of the ARCS and compare its psychometric properties with those of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a mixed sample. Methods: Outpatients referred to us in the Neuropsychiatry Service underwent comprehensive clinical and detailed neuropsychological assessments on the basis of which, at consensus conference, they were diagnosed as normal, cognitively impaired, or demented. In addition all patients, and a sample of controls from a volunteer register, were tested with the ARCS and the MMSE. We undertook Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analyses comparing results with the ARCS and the MMSE in the same sample. We recorded the time needed to score a random sample of 10 ARCS response booklets. Results: Subjects comprised 107 normal controls (mean MMSE 29.0, SD 1.1), 34 with cognitive impairment (mean MMSE 27.4, SD 3.9), and 23 with dementia including 12 with Alzheimer’s disease (mean MMSE 25.0, SD 2.9). Patients with dementia were older and had fewer years of education than controls. In ROC analyses on the entire sample, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the detection of dementia was 96%, 89%, 0.952 for a global score derived from the ARCS and 78%, 85% and 0.90 for the MMSE. The mean time to score an ARCS response booklet was one minute 47 seconds. Conclusions: The ARCS is highly efficient for the clinician, performs very well relative to the MMSE, and warrants ongoing evaluation. Potentially it could provide a more sophisticated cognitive assessment than is currently feasible in a range of clinical and research settings.