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Timing and determinants of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Nigeria
Author(s) -
Charurat Man,
Datong Pam,
Matawal Bitrus,
Ajene Anuli,
Blattner William,
Abimiku Alash'le
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of gynecology and obstetrics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.895
H-Index - 97
eISSN - 1879-3479
pISSN - 0020-7292
DOI - 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.02.017
Subject(s) - medicine , transmission (telecommunications) , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , developing country , environmental health , virology , economic growth , telecommunications , computer science , economics
Objective To characterize the timing and determinants of mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV among mothers receiving single‐dose nevirapine to prevent MTCT in Nigeria. Methods Three hundred and seventy‐one HIV‐infected mothers and their infants were followed from birth, at 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Risks of in utero (IU), intrapartum (IP/EPP), and postnatal (PP) transmission were quantified using conditional Cox regressions. Results Maternal viral load was the only risk factor for IU transmission after controlling for known risk factors. Low birth weight, premature birth, mixed feeding, and maternal viral load were associated with IP/EPP transmission. Increased PP transmission was associated with low birth weight and mixed feeding. At 6 months, mixed‐fed infants were more likely to acquire infection than formula‐fed infants (hazard ratio = 5.74; 95% CI, 1.26–26.2). Conclusion Risk factors for IU transmission differed from those of IP and PP transmission. Reducing mixed feeding and low birth weight delivery among HIV‐infected mothers can further decrease IP and PP transmission.