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Epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene
Author(s) -
Lenartowski Robert,
Goc Anna
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
international journal of developmental neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.761
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1873-474X
pISSN - 0736-5748
DOI - 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.07.006
Subject(s) - biology , epigenetics , tyrosine hydroxylase , chromatin , regulation of gene expression , gene expression , gene , transcriptional regulation , locus (genetics) , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biochemistry
The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2) gene and protein determines the catecholamine level, which, in turn, is crucial for the organism homeostasis. The TH gene expression is regulated by near all possible regulatory mechanisms on epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Ongoing molecular characteristic of the TH gene reveals some of the cis and trans elements necessary for its proper expression but most of them especially these responsible for tissue specific expression remain still obscure. This review will focus on some aspects of TH regulation including spatial chromatin organization of the TH locus and TH gene, regulatory elements mediating basal, induced and cell‐specific activity, transcriptional elongation, alternative TH RNA processing, and the regulation of TH RNA stability in the cell.