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Immunoregulatory molecules are master regulators of inflammation during the immune response
Author(s) -
de la Fuente Hortensia,
Cibrián Danay,
Sánchez-Madrid Francisco
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.032
Subject(s) - immune system , inflammation , aryl hydrocarbon receptor , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , pyroptosis , context (archaeology) , immunology , signal transduction , inflammasome , biochemistry , transcription factor , paleontology , gene
The balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory signalling is critical to maintain the immune homeostasis under physiological conditions as well as for the control of inflammation in different pathological settings. Recent progress in the signalling pathways that control this balance has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents for diseases characterized by alterations in the activation/suppression of the immune response. Different molecules have a key role in the regulation of the immune system, including the receptors PD‐1 (Programmed cell Death 1), CTLA‐4 (Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte Antigen 4) and galectins; or the intracellular enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase). In addition, other molecules as CD69, AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor), and GADD45 (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage‐inducible 45) family members, have emerged as potential targets for the regulation of the activation/suppression balance of immune cells. This review offers a perspective on well‐characterized as well as emergent negative immune regulatory molecules in the context of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.