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The emerging role of metabolic regulation in the functioning of Toll‐like receptors and the NOD‐like receptor Nlrp3
Author(s) -
Tannahill Gillian M.,
O'Neill Luke A.J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.05.008
Subject(s) - inflammation , innate immune system , insulin resistance , receptor , tlr4 , transcription factor , toll like receptor , biology , pattern recognition receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , signal transduction , nod , immunology , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , gene , biochemistry
While it has long been suspected that inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as the insulin resistance that occurs in type 2 diabetes, recent work suggests that this is not the only important interaction between metabolism and inflammation. Inroads into the understanding of the relationship between metabolic pathways and inflammation are indicating that signaling by innate immune receptors such as TLR4 and Nlrp3 regulate metabolism. TLRs have been shown to promote glycolysis, whilst Nlrp3‐mediated production of IL‐1β causes insulin resistance. A key role for the hypoxia‐sensing transcription factor HIF1α in the functioning of macrophages activated by TLRs has also recently emerged. This review will assess recent evidence for these complex interactions and speculate on their importance for innate immunity and inflammation.