Label‐free optical biosensor with microfluidics for sensing ligand‐directed functional selectivity on trafficking of thrombin receptor

Ligand‐directed functional selectivity has stimulated much interest in the molecular delineation of drug pharmacology and the process of drug discovery. Here we describe the development of a label‐free optical biosensor with microfluidics for whole cell sensing. The microfluidics controls the duration of agonist exposure and of the functional recovery of activated protease activated receptor‐1 (PAR 1 ). The biosensor manifests that the persistency of PAR 1 signaling is dependent on the agonists, which, in turn, affects the receptor resensitization process. This study demonstrates a new means to differentiate ligand‐directed functional selectivity on trafficking of receptors.