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The uremic solute indoxyl sulfate acts as an antioxidant against superoxide anion radicals under normal‐physiological conditions
Author(s) -
Miyamoto Yohei,
Iwao Yasunori,
Tasaki Yuka,
Sato Keizo,
Ishima Yu,
Watanabe Hiroshi,
Kadowaki Daisuke,
Maruyama Toru,
Otagiri Masaki
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.046
Subject(s) - superoxide , chemistry , xanthine oxidase , radical , xanthine , antioxidant , adduct , oxidase test , biochemistry , medicinal chemistry , photochemistry , organic chemistry , enzyme
The effect of the uremic solute indoxyl sulfate (IS) on scavenging superoxide anion radicals ( ) generated from both the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system and activated neutrophils was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, combined with 2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrole‐1‐oxide (EMPO). The findings show that the presence of normal‐physiological serum concentrations of IS (0.1–10 μM) resulted in decreased formation of EMPO‐superoxide adduct without affecting XO activity. Furthermore, IS showed scavenging activity against cell‐derivedgenerated from activated neutrophils. In addition, IS also eliminated hydroxyl radicals. These findings suggest that IS acts as a novel endogenous antioxidant under normal‐physiological conditions.