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Cellular dynamics of tRNAs and their genes
Author(s) -
Hopper Anita K.,
Pai Dave A.,
Engelke David R.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.053
Subject(s) - nucleoplasm , nucleolus , transfer rna , cytoplasm , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , transcription (linguistics) , protein biosynthesis , nuclear export signal , gene , saccharomyces cerevisiae , cell nucleus , genetics , rna , linguistics , philosophy
This discussion focuses on the cellular dynamics of tRNA transcription, processing, and turnover. Early tRNA biosynthesis steps are shared among most tRNAs, while later ones are often individualized for specific tRNAs. In yeast, tRNA transcription and early processing occur coordinately in the nucleolus, requiring topological arrangement of ∼300 tRNA genes and early processing enzymes to this site; later processing events occur in the nucleoplasm or cytoplasm. tRNA nuclear export requires multiple exporters which function in parallel and the export process is coupled with other cellular events. Nuclear‐cytoplasmic tRNA subcellular movement is not unidirectional as a retrograde pathway delivers mature cytoplasmic tRNAs to the nucleus. Despite the long half‐lives, there are multiple pathways to turnover damaged tRNAs or normal tRNAs upon cellular stress.