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Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: Separate ent ‐copalyl diphosphate and ent ‐kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Author(s) -
Morrone Dana,
Chambers Jacob,
Lowry Luke,
Kim Gunjune,
Anterola Aldwin,
Bender Kelly,
Peters Reuben J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.052
Subject(s) - diterpene , biosynthesis , bacteria , biology , gibberellin , operon , biochemistry , bradyrhizobium japonicum , enzyme , botany , rhizobiaceae , symbiosis , gene , genetics , escherichia coli
Gibberellins are ent ‐kaurene‐derived diterpenoid phytohormones produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria. The distinct gibberellin biosynthetic pathways in plants and fungi are known, but not that in bacteria. Plants typically use two diterpene synthases to form ent ‐kaurene, while fungi use only a single bifunctional diterpene synthase. We demonstrate here that Bradyrhizobium japonicum encodes separate ent ‐copalyl diphosphate and ent ‐kaurene synthases. These are found in an operon whose enzymatic composition indicates that gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria represents a third independently assembled pathway relative to plants and fungi. Nevertheless, sequence comparisons also suggest potential homology between diterpene synthases from bacteria, plants, and fungi.