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Sex‐related bedside clinical variables associated with survival of older inpatients with heart failure
Author(s) -
Cohen Natan,
Ilgiyaev Eduard,
AlmozninoSarafian Dorit,
Alon Irena,
Shteinshnaider Miriam,
Chachashvily Shulamit,
Modai David,
Gorelik Oleg
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
european journal of heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.149
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1879-0844
pISSN - 1388-9842
DOI - 10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.12.023
Subject(s) - medicine , heart failure , furosemide , etiology , multivariate analysis , hypokalemia , proportional hazards model , survival analysis , gastroenterology , cardiology
Background: Little is known about sex‐related differences in factors affecting prognosis of heart failure (HF). We prospectively investigated the relationship between bedside clinical variables and survival of older females vs. males with HF. Methods: Included were consecutive unselected inpatients, age ≥60 years, admitted for various acute conditions. HF was chronic and of diverse etiologies. Follow‐up extended up to 5 years. All‐cause mortality was registered and statistically analyzed for association with in‐hospital clinical variables. Results: Included were 162 females and 200 males. Survival rates were 52.4% and 59%, respectively, ( P =0.1). Advanced age and renal dysfunction (RD) were associated with low survival in both sexes ( P <0.03 and 0.02, P <0.001 and 0.01, respectively). An association with low survival was found with respect to; admission for pulmonary edema ( P <0.02), using furosemide ≥80 mg/day ( P <0.005) and severe HF [NYHA class III–IV ( P <0.01)] in females, as well as for hypokalemia ( P <0.03) and hypocalcemia ( P <0.03) in males. On multivariate analysis RD ( P <0.001), increasing age ( P =0.008) and furosemide dosage ≥80 mg ( P =0.02) were most significantly associated with low survival in females, while RD only was significantly associated with low survival in males ( P =0.03). Conclusions: Several clinical variables, which affect prognosis in older HF patients are sex‐related and probably carry practical significance.