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Anti‐proliferation and apoptosis induced by a novel intestinal metabolite of ginseng saponin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Author(s) -
Ming Yanlin,
Song Gang,
Chen Lianghua,
Zheng Zhizhong,
Chen Zhongyan,
Ouyang Gaoliang,
Tong Qingxuan
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
cell biology international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1095-8355
pISSN - 1065-6995
DOI - 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.05.005
Subject(s) - protopanaxadiol , apoptosis , metabolite , ginseng , hepatocellular carcinoma , chemistry , cell cycle , cell growth , cytochrome c , saponin , cell cycle checkpoint , in vitro , caspase , programmed cell death , cell , cancer research , pharmacology , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry , ginsenoside , medicine , pathology , alternative medicine
Abstract 20‐ O ‐(β‐ d ‐glucopyranosyl)‐20( S )‐protopanaxadiol (IH‐901), a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, is reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. We purified the compound and measured its in vitro anti‐tumor activity. IH‐901 inhibited cell growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. We also found that IH‐901 induced apoptotic cell death concurrent with cell cycle arrest in G0–G1 phase in SMMC7721 cells. At the molecular level, we show that IH‐901 upregulates cytochrome c , p53, and Bax expression, and downregulates pro‐caspase‐3 and pro‐caspase‐9 expressions in a dose‐dependent manner, while the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐X L were unchanged in IH‐901‐treated SMMC7721 cells. These results provide significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of IH‐901.