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Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate induces differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes
Author(s) -
Chen Ye,
Shao JianZhong,
Xiang LiXin,
Guo Jian,
Zhou QingJun,
Yao Xing,
Dai LiCheng,
Lu YongLiang
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
cell biology international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1095-8355
pISSN - 1065-6995
DOI - 10.1016/j.cellbi.2005.12.002
Subject(s) - embryoid body , embryonic stem cell , cyclic adenosine monophosphate , cellular differentiation , adenosine , induced pluripotent stem cell , biology , blastocyst , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , embryo , medicine , endocrinology , embryogenesis , biochemistry , gene , receptor
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from blastocyst‐stage of early mammalian embryos, have the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. Here we reported the first evidence that murine pluripotent ES cells could be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) in vitro. Spontaneously beating of cardiac cell clusters began to be observed within the outgrowths of embryoid bodies (EBs) as early as 2 days after the onset of differentiation. By days 5–8 after induction, a maximum level of cardiomyocyte differentiation could be achieved. Incubation of EBs with cAMP at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 1 mg/L resulted in a significant elevation in differentiation rate, reaching a maximum value of 44.0 ± 1.3% at 0.03 mg/L of exposure. At 0.03 mg/L concentration point, an approximately 8.1‐fold increase in cardiomyocyte differentiation was observed in comparison with 5.4 ± 0.9% of untreated controls. The differentiation rate induced by cAMP was shown to be similar to that of RA/DMSO treated controls, indicating that cAMP has the same inducing effect as RA/DMSO. However, no significant co‐inducing effects between cAMP and RA/DMSO were seen. Cardiomyocytes were evident as they expressed cardiac cell specific genes and protein markers including GATA4, Nkx2.5, β‐MHC, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and alpha‐actin when analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The results from the present study suggested a novel role of cAMP in cardiomyocyte differentiation and provided a new research model for the study of cardiac cell biology.