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The Chara Genome: Secondary Complexity and Implications for Plant Terrestrialization
Author(s) -
Tomoaki Nishiyama,
Hidetoshi Sakayama,
Jan de Vries,
Henrik Buschmann,
Denis SaintMarcoux,
Kristian K Ullrich,
Fabian B. Haas,
Lisa Vanderstraeten,
Dirk Becker,
Daniel Lang,
Stanislav Vosolsobě,
Stéphane Rombauts,
Per K.I. Wilhelmsson,
Philipp Janitza,
Ramona Kern,
Alexander Heyl,
Florian Rümpler,
Luz Irina A. Calderón Villalobos,
John M. Clay,
Roman Skokan,
Atsushi Toyoda,
Yutaka Suzuki,
Hiroshi Kagoshima,
Elio Schijlen,
Navindra Tajeshwar,
Bruno Catarino,
Alexander J. Hetherington,
Assia Saltykova,
Clémence Bonnot,
Holger Breuninger,
Aikaterini Symeonidi,
Guru Radhakrishnan,
Filip Van Nieuwerburgh,
Dieter Deforce,
Caren Chang,
Kenneth G. Karol,
Rainer Hedrich,
Peter Ulvskov,
Gernot Glöckner,
Charles F. Delwiche,
Jan Petrášek,
Yves Van de Peer,
Jìří Friml,
Mary J. Beilby,
Liam Dolan,
Yuji Kohara,
Sumio Sugano,
Asao Fujiyama,
PierreMarc Delaux,
Marcel Quint,
Günter Theißen,
Martin Hagemann,
Jesper Harholt,
Christophe Dunand,
Sabine Zachgo,
Jane A. Langdale,
Florian Maumus,
Dominique Van Der Straeten,
Sven B. Gould,
Stefan A. Rensing
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cell
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 26.304
H-Index - 776
eISSN - 1097-4172
pISSN - 0092-8674
DOI - 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.033
Subject(s) - biology , chara , genome , evolutionary biology , ecology , genetics , gene
Land plants evolved from charophytic algae, among which Charophyceae possess the most complex body plans. We present the genome of Chara braunii; comparison of the genome to those of land plants identified evolutionary novelties for plant terrestrialization and land plant heritage genes. C. braunii employs unique xylan synthases for cell wall biosynthesis, a phragmoplast (cell separation) mechanism similar to that of land plants, and many phytohormones. C. braunii plastids are controlled via land-plant-like retrograde signaling, and transcriptional regulation is more elaborate than in other algae. The morphological complexity of this organism may result from expanded gene families, with three cases of particular note: genes effecting tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), LysM receptor-like kinases, and transcription factors (TFs). Transcriptomic analysis of sexual reproductive structures reveals intricate control by TFs, activity of the ROS gene network, and the ancestral use of plant-like storage and stress protection proteins in the zygote.

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