The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward | Zendy

Frank Hille | Zendy; Hagen Richter | Zendy; Shi Pey Wong | Zendy; Majda Bratovič | Zendy; Sarah Ressel | Zendy; Emmanuelle Charpentier | Zendy

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The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward

Author(s) -

Frank Hille,

Hagen Richter,

Shi Pey Wong,

Majda Bratovič,

Sarah Ressel,

Emmanuelle Charpentier

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

cell

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 26.304

H-Index - 776

eISSN - 1097-4172

pISSN - 0092-8674

DOI - 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.032

Subject(s) - crispr , biology , trans activating crrna , context (archaeology) , biogenesis , crispr interference , palindrome , acquired immune system , computational biology , genetics , adaptation (eye) , cas9 , immune system , gene , neuroscience , paleontology

In bacteria and archaea, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system against phages and other foreign genetic elements. Here, we review the biology of the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems and the major progress achieved in recent years in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the three stages of CRISPR-Cas immunity: adaptation, crRNA biogenesis, and interference. The ecology and regulation of CRISPR-Cas in the context of phage infection, the roles of these systems beyond immunity, and the open questions that propel the field forward are also discussed.

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