Reversing DNA Methylation: Mechanisms, Genomics, and Biological Functions | Zendy

Hao Wu | Zendy; Yi Zhang | Zendy

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Reversing DNA Methylation: Mechanisms, Genomics, and Biological Functions

Author(s) -

Hao Wu,

Yi Zhang

Publication year - 2014

Publication title -

cell

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 26.304

H-Index - 776

eISSN - 1097-4172

pISSN - 0092-8674

DOI - 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.019

Subject(s) - dna methylation , biology , dna demethylation , dna glycosylase , epigenetics , base excision repair , dna replication , methylation , dna repair , dna , cytosine , 5 methylcytosine , genetics , gene , gene expression

Methylation of cytosines in the mammalian genome represents a key epigenetic modification and is dynamically regulated during development. Compelling evidence now suggests that dynamic regulation of DNA methylation is mainly achieved through a cyclic enzymatic cascade comprised of cytosine methylation, iterative oxidation of methyl group by TET dioxygenases, and restoration of unmodified cytosines by either replication-dependent dilution or DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision repair. In this review, we discuss the mechanism and function of DNA demethylation in mammalian genomes, focusing particularly on how developmental modulation of the cytosine-modifying pathway is coupled to active reversal of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes.

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