Open AccessAmphidinolide P from the Brazilian octocoral Stragulum bicolor
Author(s) -
Thiciana S. Sousa,
Genoveffa Nuzzo,
Maria Conceição M. Torres,
Norberto P. Lopes,
Paula C. Jimenez,
Eduardo Natalino dos Santos,
Bruno Alexandre Quadros Gomes,
Angela Sardo,
Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa,
Letı́cia V. Costa-Lotufo,
Angelo Fontana
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
revista brasileira de farmacognosia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.432
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 1981-528X
pISSN - 0102-695X
DOI - 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.010
Subject(s) - zooxanthellae , nudibranch , symbiosis , biology , coral , invertebrate , hermatypic coral , marine invertebrates , cnidaria , coelenterata , botany , ecology , mollusca , bacteria , genetics
Dinoflagellates are an important source of unique bioactive secondary metabolites. Symbiotic species, commonly named zooxanthellae, transfer most of their photosynthetically fixed carbon to their host. The mutualistic relationship provides the organic metabolites used for energy production but there are very few reports of the role of the dinoflagellates in the production of secondary metabolites in the symbiotic association. Corals and other related cnidarians are the most well-known animals containing symbiotic dinoflagellates. In the present paper we describe the isolation of amphidinolide P (1) from the octocoral Stragulum bicolor and its prey, the nudibranch Marionia limceana, collected off the coasts of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil). The coral extracts also contained 3-O-methyl derivative (2) of amphidinolide P, together with minor compounds still under investigation. Amphidinolides have been so far reported only in laboratory cultures of Amphidinium sp., thus compounds 1 and 2 represents the first identification of these polyketides in invertebrates. The finding proves the possibility to isolate amphidinolides from a natural symbiosis, enabling further biological and biotechnological studies