Open AccessThe important role of protamine in spermatogenesis and quality of sperm: A mini review
Author(s) -
Muslim Akmal,
Aulanni’am Aulanni’am,
M. Aris Widodo,
Sutiman Bambang Sumitro,
Basuki Bambang Purnomo,
Widodo Widodo
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of reproduction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.167
H-Index - 17
eISSN - 2305-0519
pISSN - 2305-0500
DOI - 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.07.013
Subject(s) - protamine , sperm , andrology , spermatogenesis , chromatin , human fertilization , sperm motility , motility , epididymis , histone , biology , male infertility , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , infertility , biochemistry , genetics , gene , medicine , heparin , pregnancy
Objective: To prove that the decrease in the expression of protamine 2 affects the fertilization ability and the number of child production.Methods: During the development stage of elongating spermatids, human spermatozoa chromatin undergoes a complex transition where histone is extensively replaced by protamine. Histone substitution by protamine 1 and 2 plays a significant role in condensing chromatin required to induce the quality of potent spermatozoa. The substitution also has a key role in protecting spermatozoa from effects of free radicals which can degrade the spermatozoa quality.Results: The results revealed that protamine deficiency instigated a severe disruption of spermatogenesis affecting male infertility. In addition, the protamine expression disorder caused a decrease in number, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa.Conclusion: Our results of a study in mice confirmed that inhibin B injection caused a reduction in the expression of protamine 2 in cauda epididymis. It has implications in the decrease of motility, concentration, and spermatozoa viability so that it affects the fertilization ability and the number of child production