Open AccessDietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling in piglets
Author(s) -
Lanmei Yin,
Jun Li,
Meiwei Wang,
Qiye Wang,
Jianzhong Li,
Nengshui Ding,
Huansheng Yang,
Yulong Yin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
animal nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 28
eISSN - 2405-6545
pISSN - 2405-6383
DOI - 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.002
Subject(s) - ileum , crypt , mucin 2 , medicine , jejunum , diarrhea , inflammation , biology , nitric oxide synthase , endocrinology , intestinal mucosa , nitric oxide , gene expression , biochemistry , gene
The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein (HP) through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Sixteen piglets (35 d of age, Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], weaned at d 21, initial BW = 9.70 ± 0.11 kg) were allocated to 18% and 26% CP (HP group) at random, comprising 8 replicate pens per treatment. The piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent, persistent, and stable diarrhea syndromes happened (on d 12). No significant differences were observed in their growth performance ( P > 0.05), but reduction by 19.11%, 25.31%, 23.64% of ADFI, ADG, and G:F, respectively was detected in the HP group. The HP group had greater ( P = 0.002) diarrhea rates. Furthermore, dietary HP had lower ileal villus height (VH; P = 0.048), ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD ratio; P = 0.016), and colonic CD ( P = 0.034), as well as had the trend ( P = 0.075) to reduce the ileal villus absorptive area. Moreover, HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi ( P = 0.016) and colonic crypts ( P < 0.001) and up-regulated ( P = 0.012) the mRNA expression of mucin2 ( Muc2 ) in the ileum. In addition, HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum ( P = 0.002) and colon ( P = 0.007) of piglets. Dietary HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ; P < 0.001) in the ileum, induced nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ; P = 0.040) and interleukin-22 ( IL-22 ; P = 0.008) in the colon, and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β ( IL-1β ; P = 0.076) expression in the colon. The relative protein abundance of Galectin-3 ( P = 0.046) in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB (p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio) in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater ( P = 0.038). These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-κB signaling induced intestinal inflammation.