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Effects of nerve growth factor on splenic norepinephrine and pineal N ‐acetyl‐transferase in neonate rats exposed to alcohol in utero : Neuroimmune correlates
Author(s) -
Gottesfeld Zehava,
Simpson Shane,
Yuwiler Arthur,
PerezPolo J. Regino
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
international journal of developmental neuroscience
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.761
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1873-474X
pISSN - 0736-5748
DOI - 10.1016/0736-5748(95)00101-8
Subject(s) - in utero , nerve growth factor , transferase , norepinephrine , medicine , endocrinology , alcohol , neuroscience , psychology , dopamine , biology , pregnancy , receptor , biochemistry , enzyme , fetus , genetics
Prenatal alcohol exposure (FAE) has been associated with multiple anomalies, including a selective developmental delay of sympathetic innervation in lymphoid organs. Sympathetic neurons require nerve growth factor (NGF) for their development and maintenance, and recent evidence has suggested that alcohol impairs the synthesis and/or biological activity of NGF in selected central and peripheral neurons. Thus, the present study examined the hypothesis that NGF administration to FAE rats during early postnatal development would reverse some of the peripheral sympathetic deficits. Neonate rats, FAE and the corresponding control cohorts, received daily treatments of NGF or cytochrome C (0.3 mg/kg; s.c.) for various time intervals, and were killed 24hr or 10 days after the last treatment. The measured parameters included norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the spleen and heart, which receive noradrenergic innervation from the coeliac ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), respectively. In addition, we measured the activity of pineal N ‐acetyltransferase (NAT), the rate‐limiting enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis, which depends on sympathetic innervation from the SCG. The data show that chronic, but not acute, NGF treatments reversed the FAE‐related deficits in splenic NE concentrations as well as in pineal NAT activity in a time‐ and age‐dependent manner. Sympathetic neurons play an important role in immune modulation. Thus, the altered splenic NE levels and pineal NAT activity may play a role in immune deficits associated with exposure to alcohol in utero .