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Regulation of adenylate cyclase by hormones and G‐proteins
Author(s) -
Levitzki Alexander
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
febs letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.593
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1873-3468
pISSN - 0014-5793
DOI - 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81419-9
Subject(s) - heterotrimeric g protein , g protein , cyclase , adenylate kinase , transducin , gq alpha subunit , g protein coupled receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , signal transduction , phospholipase c , gtp binding protein regulators , chemistry , phosphodiesterase , diacylglycerol kinase , biochemistry , receptor , protein kinase c , enzyme
Over the past few years, it has become apparent that a large number of transmembrane signaling systems operate through heterotrimeric G‐proteins ([1] Gilman, A.G. (1984) Cell 36, 577‐579; [2] Baker, P.F. (1986) Nature 320, 395). Adenylate cyclase is regulated by stimulatory hormones through G s (α s βγ) and inhibitory hormones through G i (α i βγ) ([2]; Katada, T. et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3586‐3595), whereas the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) to inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and diacylglycerol (DG) by phospholipase C is probably also mediated by a heterotrimeric G‐protein (G o or G i ) [1,2]. Similarly, the activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase by light‐activated rhodopsin is mediated through the heterotrimeric G‐protein transducin (Stryer, L. (1986) Rev. Neurosci. 9, 89‐119). Other transmembrane signaling systems may also be found to involve G‐proteins similar to those already recognized. Because of the emerging universality of G‐proteins as transducers of receptor‐triggered signals, it may be useful to evaluate the current models prevailing in the adenylate cyclase field, as these models seem to guide our way in evaluating the role of G‐proteins in transmembrane signaling, in general.