Open AccessGenetic Influence on Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Overview and Current Status of Research
Author(s) -
Nada A. Elsayed,
Kaila Yamamoto,
Tanya E. Froehlich
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
cns drugs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.565
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1179-1934
pISSN - 1172-7047
DOI - 10.1007/s40263-020-00702-y
Subject(s) - pharmacogenomics , methylphenidate , atomoxetine , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , stimulant , psychiatry , medicine , candidate gene , pharmacotherapy , psychology , clinical psychology , pharmacology , genetics , gene , biology
Multiple stimulant and non-stimulant medications are approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Choosing among the available agents and determining the most effective ADHD medication for a given child can be a time-consuming process due to the high inter-individual variability in treatment efficacy. As a result, there is growing interest in identifying predictors of ADHD medication response in children through the burgeoning field of pharmacogenomics. This article reviews childhood ADHD pharmacogenomics efficacy studies published during the last decade (2009-2019), which have largely focused on pharmacodynamic candidate gene investigations of methylphenidate and atomoxetine response, with a smaller number investigating pharmacokinetic candidate genes and genome-wide approaches. Findings from studies which have advanced the field of ADHD pharmacogenomics through investigation of meta-analytic approaches and gene-gene interactions are also overviewed. Despite recent progress, no one genetic variant or currently available pharmacogenomics test has demonstrated clinical utility in pinpointing the optimal ADHD medication for a given individual patient, highlighting the need for further investigation.