Open AccessCharacterization and anti-tumor activity of saponin-rich fractions of South Korean sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus)
Author(s) -
Yulin Dai,
Eun-A Kim,
Haoming Luo,
Yunfei Jiang,
Jae-Young Oh,
SooJin Heo,
YouJin Jeon
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of food science and technology/journal of food science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.656
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 0975-8402
pISSN - 0022-1155
DOI - 10.1007/s13197-020-04266-z
Subject(s) - sea cucumber , apostichopus japonicus , saponin , apoptosis , chemistry , hela , ic50 , biochemistry , biology , cell , in vitro , medicine , ecology , alternative medicine , pathology
In this study, the saponin-rich fractions of five individual (two Red and three Black) sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus ) in South Korea were investigated for their antiproliferative effect against HL-60, B16F10, MCF-7, and Hep3B tumor cell lines. The red sea cucumber saponin-rich fraction (SSC) from Jeju Island (JRe) decreased the growth of HL-60 with an IC 50 value of 23.55 ± 3.40 μg/mL, which represented the strongest anticancer activity among the extracts. Further, SSC downregulated B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL), while upregulating, to different degrees, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP cleavage, and apoptotic bodies in cancer cells. Evidence for SSC inducing apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway was found. The contents of SSCs were determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry to comparatively evaluate the regional influence. In West Sea, the total SSC content of A. japonicus was 15.5 mg/g, representing the highest content, while A. japonicus in the South Sea yielded the lowest content at 8 mg/g. The major saponin constituent in SSC was identified as Holotoxin A 1 , which may the anti-tumor compound in A. japonicus .