Open AccessCRISPR-mediated promoter de/methylation technologies for gene regulation
Author(s) -
Chang Kyoo Sung,
Hyungshin Yim
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
archives of pharmacal research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.855
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1976-3786
pISSN - 0253-6269
DOI - 10.1007/s12272-020-01257-8
Subject(s) - dna methylation , biology , epigenetics , crispr , methylation , epigenetics of physical exercise , genetics , rna directed dna methylation , gene , cpg site , carcinogenesis , regulation of gene expression , computational biology , gene expression
DNA methylation on cytosines of CpG dinucleotides is well established as a basis of epigenetic regulation in mammalian cells. Since aberrant regulation of DNA methylation in promoters of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes may contribute to the initiation and progression of various types of human cancer, sequence-specific methylation and demethylation technologies could have great clinical benefit. The CRISPR-Cas9 protein with a guide RNA can target DNA sequences regardless of the methylation status of the target site, making this system superb for precise methylation editing and gene regulation. Targeted methylation-editing technologies employing the dCas9 fusion proteins have been shown to be highly effective in gene regulation without altering the DNA sequence. In this review, we discuss epigenetic alterations in tumorigenesis as well as various dCas9 fusion technologies and their usages in site-specific methylation editing and gene regulation.