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Low‐temperature property and engine performance evaluation of ethyl and isopropyl esters of tallow and grease
Author(s) -
Wu WenHsin,
Foglia Thomas A.,
Marmer William N.,
Dunn Robert O.,
Goering Carroll E.,
Briggs Thomas E.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-998-0131-7
Subject(s) - transesterification , grease , cetane number , pour point , biodiesel , diesel fuel , diesel engine , cloud point , freezing point , materials science , chemistry , tallow , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , catalysis , physics , extraction (chemistry)
Three monoalkyl fatty acid esters derived from tallow and grease were prepared by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification and evaluated as prospective diesel engine fuels. The low‐temperature properties of the esters, both neat and as 20% blends in No. 2 diesel fuel, were evaluated. Those properties included cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point, low‐temperature flow test, and crystallization onset temperature. Other properties of the esters, such as kinematic viscosity, heating value, and calculated cetane number, also were determined. All three esters had acceptable physical and low‐temperature properties, as well as acceptable fuel properties at the 20% level in diesel blends. Engine performance and emissions for the ester blends were determined in a direct‐injection, matched two‐cylinder diesel engine. Among the monoalkyl esters studied, ethyl greasate had better properties and engine performance characteristics than the two tallow esters. For the latter esters, isopropyl tallowate had better properties than ethyl tallowate.