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Eco‐friendly Pretreatment of Oil with High Free Fatty Acid Content Using a Sulfamic Acid/Ethanol System
Author(s) -
Oliveira Patrick Martins,
Farias Luana Machado,
MorónVillarreyes Joaquín A.,
Montes D'Oca Marcelo G.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-016-2892-8
Subject(s) - sulfamic acid , chemistry , ethanol , methanol , catalysis , biodiesel , fatty acid , alcohol , environmentally friendly , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , acid value , biodiesel production , biochemistry , ecology , biology
In recent years, sulfamic acid (SA, NH 2 SO 3 H) has emerged as a novel green catalyst for organic synthesis because of several advantages, including its non‐volatility, non‐hygroscopicity, non‐corrosivity, and low cost. This work reports the use of sulfamic acid as a catalyst in the pretreatment of oil with a high content of free fatty acids (10 and 20 % FFA) in ethanol or methanol. The process (esterification reaction) used in the pretreatment of the oil was carried out under a variety of conditions, initial fatty acid content, temperature, type of alcohol, and % catalyst. The experiments using an NH 2 SO 3 H/ethanol system resulted in a high fatty acid ethyl ester conversion, 88.53 % (±0.95) from an initial acidity of 40 mg KOH/g (20 % FFA), using 8 % NH 2 SO 3 H as the catalyst. According to the results, the methodology using sulfamic acid and ethanol demonstrated elevated potential for a environmentally‐friendly means of biodiesel production.