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Comparison of Fatty Acid Methyl and Ethyl Esters as Biodiesel Base Stock: a Review on Processing and Production Requirements
Author(s) -
Yusoff Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad,
Xu Xuebing,
Guo Zheng
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-014-2443-0
Subject(s) - biodiesel , methanol , chemistry , fatty acid , biodiesel production , organic chemistry , ethanol , alcohol , fatty acid methyl ester , solvent , biofuel , ethyl ester , pulp and paper industry , microbiology and biotechnology , catalysis , biology , engineering
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were the first fatty acid esters to be introduced for use as biodiesel. However, there is a growing interest in the use of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in biodiesel. Both FAME and FAEE have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. These differences are ultimately attributable to the structural differences imparted by the alcohols used in their production. Sources of reactants as well as their safety issues, are a focus of this review. Also reviewed are the comparative characteristics and properties of both biodiesel types in terms of physicochemical features and performance. Processing requirements, reaction times and molar ratios of alcohol to oil, together with problems and drawbacks, are discussed. Recent developments on improving the yield of biodiesel, include mixing methanol and ethanol in the same reaction with ethanol acting as a co‐solvent, and enzymatic methanolysis and ethanolysis are also highlighted.