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Heats of Combustion of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters
Author(s) -
Levine Felicia,
Kayea Ronald V.,
Wexler Robert,
Sadvary D. J.,
Melick Cory,
La Scala John
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-013-2367-0
Subject(s) - chemistry , pour point , combustion , degree of unsaturation , organic chemistry , biodiesel , heat of combustion , fatty acid , catalysis
The military uses JP‐8, a kerosene type hydrocarbon, to fuel most of its vehicles and is seeking a renewable alternative fuel that meets strict JP‐8 specifications. Biodiesel is typically a mixture of different alkyl esters produced from the transesterification of triglycerides readily available in plant oils and used cooking oil. To date, no traditional biodiesel meets the requirements for heat of combustion, freezing point, viscosity and oxidative stability to be a stand‐alone replacement for JP‐8. This work is a fundamental survey of the heat of combustion of single fatty acid esters and a predictive model for estimating the heat of combustion given a known molecular structure. The gross heat of combustion of various C6–C18 fatty acids and the methyl, propyl and isopropyl esters of these fatty acids was measured. This study sought to relate the effect of chain length, degree of unsaturation and branching to the critical fuel property of the gross heat of combustion ( H c ). It was found that H c (kJ/g) increased with chain length. A nearly linear relationship was found between wt% carbon and hydrogen, and H c . Group contribution models previously published for hydrocarbons and polymers were modified to more accurately predict the heat of combustion of the fatty acids and esters. Modification of the molar heat values of carboxylic acid, methyl, and methylene groups improved correlation of the model with the experimental results.