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Yield and Quality Characteristics of Rendered Chicken Oil for Biodiesel Production
Author(s) -
Abraham John,
Ramesh Saravanakumar V.,
Kulkarni V. V.,
Sivakumar K.,
Singh Anandha Prakash,
Visha P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-013-2346-5
Subject(s) - iodine value , rendering (computer graphics) , unsaponifiable , dry matter , chemistry , zoology , saponification value , peroxide value , straw , specific gravity , eggshell , food science , moisture , saponification , biology , chromatography , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , ecology , computer graphics (images) , computer science , organic chemistry
Whole dead poultry birds obtained from commercial layer farms were assessed for fat in the whole carcass and then dry rendered in three different rendering regimens T 1 , T 2 and T 3 (temperature = 120, 130 and 140 °C and shell pressure = 1, 2 and 3 kg/cm 2 respectively) and the effect on the yield and quality of the rendered chicken oil were studied. The overall fat percentage of the whole dead poultry carcass was 14.55 ± 0.17 % and the fat content of ‘greaves’ was 14.49 ± 0.38 %. In the dry batch rendering trials, the mean overall fat recovery was 24.46 ± 1.19, 26.78 ± 3.14 and 22.42 ± 2.32 % and the overall fat yield was 3.52 ± 1.72, 3.84 ± 0.44 and 3.22 ± 0.33 % of the carcass weight in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 respectively. Solvent extraction of fat could recover 96.10 ± 0.14 % of fat from ‘greaves’ which was significantly higher than the mechanical centrifugation method. Among the quality characteristics of the rendered chicken oil (RCO), moisture content ranged from 0.61 % (T 2 ) to 1.09 % (T 1 ) and the mean specific gravity was 0.91 at 30 °C. The FFA values of RCO obtained from the T 3 rendering regimen were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than the FFA values of T 2 and T 1 . The mean acid value, iodine number, peroxide value, saponification value and unsaponifiable matter present in RCO showed no significant difference. The fatty acid profile and calorific values were studied. The RCO was converted to biodiesel by transesterification and the physico‐chemical properties of the biodiesel were studied and compared with the Indian biodiesel specification.