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Production of PUFA Concentrates from Poultry and Fish Processing Waste
Author(s) -
Patil Dipak,
Nag Ahindra
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-010-1689-4
Subject(s) - polyunsaturated fatty acid , linoleic acid , chemistry , docosahexaenoic acid , food science , urea , fish oil , fish processing , fish meal , fractionation , acetone , eicosapentaenoic acid , fatty acid , fish <actinopterygii> , biology , chromatography , biochemistry , fishery
In fish and poultry processing, viscera are generally considered as a waste product and often discarded. Chicken and hilsa fish ( Hilsa ilisa ) viscera were used for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic (18:2n‐6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n‐3). Free fatty acids (FFA) were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis of chicken and fish viscera; yields were 5.2 and 5.9% (w/w) respectively. PUFA concentrates were obtained by a two step process—deduction of saturated fatty acids (FA) by low temperature crystallization in acetone followed by urea inclusion compound‐based fractionation. Acetone treatment removed 90 and 96% of saturated FA in chicken and fish viscera respectively with FA to acetone ratio of 1:12 (w/v). Using an urea to FA ratio (w/w) of 4.0, chicken viscera produced a maximum of 84.1% of PUFA concentrates containing 82.1% of linoleic acid with a yield of 10% where as in the case of fish viscera the maximum PUFA concentrates were 91.3% containing 78.2% of EPA‐DHA with the yield of 11%. Thus, the utilization of poultry and fish processing waste into the production of PUFA concentrates has been shown.