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Application of Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Furfural in Crude Palm Oil
Author(s) -
Loi Chia Chun,
Boo Huey Chern,
Mohamed Abdulkarim Sabo,
Ariffin Abdul Azis
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-009-1534-9
Subject(s) - furfural , solid phase microextraction , chromatography , chemistry , extraction (chemistry) , gas chromatography , fiber , divinylbenzene , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , mass spectrometry , organic chemistry , styrene , polymer , copolymer , catalysis
Processing of vegetative material containing pentoses has been shown to result in the formation of furfural. Furfural exhibits a spectrophotometric absorption peak at 518 nm when complexed with aniline acetate. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method has been successfully used to confirm the presence of furfural in crude palm oil (CPO). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber composed of divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/PDMS/CAR) was used to absorb the volatiles in the headspace of the oil. The isolated compounds from the fiber was desorbed and separated on a capillary polar column of a gas chromatograph. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the SPME fiber condition for maximum absorption of furfural from CPO. The optimized temperature and time for furfural extraction onto the SPME fiber are 70 °C for 40 min. Oils obtained from the mill were found to contain between 2 and 13% furfural.