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Influence of operating variables on yield and quality parameters of olive husk oil extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide
Author(s) -
de Lucas A.,
Rincón J.,
Gracia I.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of the american oil chemists' society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.512
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1558-9331
pISSN - 0003-021X
DOI - 10.1007/s11746-002-0467-9
Subject(s) - supercritical carbon dioxide , supercritical fluid , hexane , supercritical fluid extraction , extraction (chemistry) , chromatography , yield (engineering) , solvent , husk , chemistry , response surface methodology , carbon dioxide , particle size , bar (unit) , materials science , pulp and paper industry , organic chemistry , botany , composite material , physics , meteorology , biology , engineering
Supercritical fluid extraction is a viable alternative process for extracting oil from olive husk, a residue obtained in the olive oil production. We analyzed the effects of pressure ( P ) (100–300 bar), temperature ( T ) (40–60°C), solvent flow (1–1.5 L/min), and particle size ( D ) (0.30–0.55 mm) on extraction yield, and three oil‐quality parameters: acidity (OA), PV, and phosphorus content (PC). A response surface methodology based on the statistical analysis of the experimental data permitted us to obtain mathematical expressions relating the operational variables and parameters studied. At the best extraction condition of the experimental range analyzed ( P =300 bar, T =60°C, D =0.30 mm, and solvent flow=1.25 L/min at standard conditions), the oil yield was 80% (w/w) with respect to hexane extraction, whereas the quality parameters OA, PV, and PC were 14% (w/w), 8 meq/kg, and 2.3·10 −3 % (w/w), respectively. These results were compared to those obtained by hexane Soxhlet extraction. The quality of the supercritical extract was superior, requiring only simple refining. This advantage may result in improved economics of the supercritical process in relation to the conventional extraction with hexane.