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Visual acuity and blood lipids in term infants fed human milk or formulae
Author(s) -
Innis Sheila M.,
Akrabawi Salim S.,
DiersenSchade Deborah A.,
Dobson M. Velma,
Guy David G.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
lipids
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.601
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1558-9307
pISSN - 0024-4201
DOI - 10.1007/s11745-997-0010-7
Subject(s) - docosahexaenoic acid , fatty acid , breast milk , arachidonic acid , infant formula , visual acuity , phosphatidylethanolamine , phospholipid , sunflower oil , oleic acid , lipidology , breast feeding , phosphatidylcholine , polyunsaturated fatty acid , zoology , biology , medicine , biochemistry , pediatrics , ophthalmology , membrane , enzyme
This multicenter, parallel group study determined plasma phospholipid and red blood cell (RBC) phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acids, plasma cholesterol, apo A‐1 and B, growth and visual acuity (using the acuity card procedure) in term infants fed from birth to 90 d of age with formula containing palm‐olein, high oleic sunflower, coconut and soy oil (22.2% 16∶0, 36.2% 18∶1, 18% 18∶2n−6, 1.9% 18∶3n−3) ( n =59) or coconut and soy oil (10.3% 16∶0 18∶6% 18∶1, 34.2% 18∶2n−6, 4.7% 18∶3n−3) ( n =57) or breast‐fed ( n =56) with no formula supplementation. Different centers in North America were included to overcome potential bias due to differences in n−6 or n−3 fatty acids at birth or in breast‐fed infants that might occur in a single‐site study. Plasma and RBC phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n−3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20∶4n−6), cholesterol and apo B were significantly lower in the formula‐ than breast‐fed infants. There were no differences in looking acuity or growth among the breast‐fed and formula‐fed infants. No significant relations were found between DHA and looking acuity, or AA and growth within or among any of the infant groups. This study provides no evidence to suggest the formula provided inadequate n−6 or n−3 fatty acids for growth and looking acuity for the first 3 mon after birth.